Comme chaque année, le nord-africain se prépare pour fêter Yennayer, il coïncide avec le 12 janvier de chaque année du calendrier agraire. En plus d’être le début d’une nouvelle année, Yennayer est truffé d’histoires et de légendes. Dans cet article, on vous a concocté les principales histoires et mythes qui entoure cette date.
Avant de nous étaler sur ces histoires et légendes, il faut savoir que Yennayer est le début de l’année agricole. Il était un mois décisif dans l’estimation de la générosité de la récolte ou pas.
La légende de Beni Snouss
Depuis des milliers d’années, dans le village de Beni Snouss, près de Tlemcen, Yennayer est célébré. Lors de cette journée de fête, les enfants se déguisaient pour ramasser des friandises . Dans la légende, la famille qui refuse d’en offrir, verra sa maison boudée par les 7 âmes des ancêtres.
Cet événement culturel de 3 jours, est aussi une occasion de bienfaisance. Les adultes font la tournée du village, collectent des produits alimentaires et autres pour les distribuer aux pauvres.
Yennayer et la vieille bergère
Deuxième histoire: Selon les croyances kabyles, Yennayer est reliée à une vielle bergère. Sortie avec ses moutons, une belle journée de Furar (février), elle s’est moqué de Yennayer (janvier). Un mois réputé d’être le plus rude d’hiver pour tous les bergers.
Yennayer aurait demandé à Furar de lui prêter une journée pour la punir. Le châtiment était un violent orage qui l’a poursuivi jusqu’à la tuer. Un mythe qui met en évidence l’importance de la nature.
4 marmites pour 4 saisons
Connaissez-vous l’histoire des quatre marmites? Cette coutume est liée à Yennayer. Dans ce mythe, il est raconté que les agriculteurs pensaient que le nouvel an ramenait avec lui un châtiment. Donc, ils priaient le ciel pour annuler le sort qui leur sera réservé. Ils n’avaient pas à l’époque les services de météorologie pour penser autrement.
Dans une sorte de prédiction de l’abondance des récoltes, les femmes plaçaient, durant la nuit, quatre marmites pleines de légumes secs sur le toit de la maison. Elles portaient, chacune, le nom d’une saison. Par l’effet de l’humidité, la marmite où le légume sec gonflera le plus sera signe d’une bonne saison agricole. Comme la triche est humaine, les vieilles femmes se réveillaient secrètement avant l’aube pour vérifier les marmites. Elles rajoutaient un peu de levure ou de bicarbonate pour faire gonfler les légumes notamment pour les saisons d’automne et d’été.
La mariée en bois pour un meilleur Yennayer
Qu’en est-il de la mariée en bois? Il y a fort longtemps, le rituel de la poupée en bois régnait sur tous les villages. En cette époque, les villageois fabriquaient des poupées en cuillères de bois et l’habillait avec une belle robe comme offrande au ciel. Par ce geste, ils demandaient une année agricole riche.
Un délicieux cherchem, un plat à base de légumes secs, fut cuisiné par les femmes pour le soir du nouvel an.
Il faut savoir à la fin que malgré toutes ces croyances qui nourrissent l’imagination, Yennayer reste un héritage et une tradition. Il est surtout une occasion de se réunir en famille autour d’un délicieux dîner traditionnel et de passer un bon moment au milieu des siens.
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