العشر من ذي الحِجّة هي الأيّام العَشر الأولى منه، وتُعَدّ من أعظم الأزمنة والأوقات؛ فقد فضّلها الله، وأَفردَها عن غيرها من الأوقات، ومَيّزها عن أوقاتٍ أخرى بالعديد من الفضائل والميّزات؛ شَحذاً للهِمَم والعزائم، وسَعياً إلى زيادة الأجور والحَسنات. إذ تجتمع فيها أمّهات العبادات؛ من صلاةٍ، وصيامٍ، وحجٍّ، وغيرها. ولا يكون ذلك في غير العَشر من أيّام السنة. وقد بيّن العلماء أنّ أيّام العشر من ذي الحجّة أفضل من الأيّام العشر الأخيرة من شهر رمضان. أمّا ليالي العشر الأخيرة من شهر رمضان فهي أفضل من ليالي العَشر من ذي الحِجّة
فَضْل الأيام العَشر من ذي الحِجّة
فُضِّلت الأيّام العَشر من ذي الحِجّة على غيرها من أيّام السنة من عدّة وجوه. أولها أن الله -عزّ وجلّ- أقسم بها في القرآن الكريم. والله -تعالى- لا يُقسم إلّا بشيءٍ عظيمٍ. قال الله -تعالى-: (وَالْفَجْرِ*وَلَيَالٍ عَشْرٍ)، والمقصود بالليالي العَشر؛ العشر من ذي الحِجّة على الصحيح ممّا ورد عن المُفسِّرين والعلماء.
تشمل الأيّام العشر من ذي الحجّة أفضل الأيّام، مثل: يوم عرفة؛ وهو يوم الحَجّ الأكبر الذي تُغفَر فيه الذنوب والخطايا، وتُعتَق فيه الرِّقاب من النار، ومنها أيضاً يوم النَّحر؛ لقَوْل النبيّ -عليه الصلاة والسلام-: (إنَّ أعظمَ الأيَّامِ عندَ اللَّهِ تبارَكَ وتعالَى يومُ النَّحرِ ثمَّ يومُ القُرِّ).
تُؤدّى فيها فريضة الحجّ التي تُعَدّ من أعظم الفرائض وشَهِدَ لها رسول الله -عليه الصلاة واسلام- بأنّها أعظم أيّام الدُّنيا؛ إذ قال: (ما مِن أيَّامٍ أعظَمُ عِندَ اللهِ ولا أحَبُّ إليه مِن العَمَلِ فيهنَّ مِن هذه الأيَّامِ العَشرِ، فأكثِروا فيهنَّ مِن التَّهليلِ والتَّكبيرِ والتَّحميدِ).
تجتمع فيها أمّهات العبادت فيها كما أخرج الإمام البخاريّ عن عبدالله بن عباس -رضي الله عنهما-: (ما العَمَلُ في أيَّامٍ أفْضَلَ منها في هذِه؟ قالوا: ولَا الجِهَادُ؟ قَالَ: ولَا الجِهَادُ، إلَّا رَجُلٌ خَرَجَ يُخَاطِرُ بنَفْسِهِ ومَالِهِ، فَلَمْ يَرْجِعْ بشيءٍ). تُعَدّ الأيّام العَشر من ذي الحِجّة الأيّامَ المعلومات الواردة في قَوْل الله -تعالى-: (وَيَذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّـهِ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَّعْلُومَاتٍ)
عباداتٌ مُستحَبّةٌ في هذه الأيام المباركة
وردت العديد من الأحاديث النبويّة التي تُبيّن فَضْل العمل في العَشر الأولى من ذي الحِجّة عن رسول الله -صلّى الله عليه وسلّم-، ومنها: قَوْله: (ما العَمَلُ في أيَّامٍ أفْضَلَ منها في هذِه؟ قالوا: ولَا الجِهَادُ؟ قَالَ: ولَا الجِهَادُ، إلَّا رَجُلٌ خَرَجَ يُخَاطِرُ بنَفْسِهِ ومَالِهِ، فَلَمْ يَرْجِعْ بشيءٍ). إذ دلّ الحديث على أنّ العَشر من ذي الحِجّة أفضل أيّام السنة، وأنّ العمل الصالح فيها أحبّ إلى الله من العمل في غيرها من أيّام السنة، وقوله -صلّى الله عليه وسلّم- في حديثٍ آخر: (ما من عملٍ أزكى عند اللهِ ولا أعظمَ أجرًا من خيرٍ يعملُه في عَشرِ الأَضحى)،[١١] وقوله أيضاً: (ما مِن أيَّامٍ أعظَمُ عِندَ اللهِ ولا أحَبُّ إليه مِن العَمَلِ فيهنَّ مِن هذه الأيَّامِ العَشرِ، فأكثِروا فيهنَّ مِن التَّهليلِ والتَّكبيرِ والتَّحميدِ)
يجدر بالمسلم استغلال الأيّام العَشر من ذي الحِجّة بالعديد من العبادات، والأعمال الصالحة. و من العباداتٌ المُستحَبّةٌ في هذه الأيّام المباركة أداء شعائر الحَجّ والعُمرة وذلك أفضل ما يُؤدّى من العبادات في ذي الحِجّة؛ إذ ثبت في الصحيح عن أبي هريرة -رضي الله عنه- أنّ النبيّ -عليه الصلاة والسلام- قال: (العُمْرَةُ إلى العُمْرَةِ كَفَّارَةٌ لِما بيْنَهُمَا، والحَجُّ المَبْرُورُ ليسَ له جَزَاءٌ إلَّا الجَنَّةُ). الصيام أيضا من الأعمال المحببة ويُخَصّ منه صيام يوم عرفة. وقد ورد في فَضْل صيامه قَوْل النبيّ -صلّى الله عليه وسلّم-: (صِيَامُ يَومِ عَرَفَةَ، أَحْتَسِبُ علَى اللهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الَّتي قَبْلَهُ، وَالسَّنَةَ الَّتي بَعْدَهُ). من المستحب التكبير، والتحميد، والتهليل والذِّكر في هذه الأيام المعلومات التي ورد الحضّ فيها على ذلك. ضف إلى كل هذا التوبة، والاستغفار، والإقلاع عن الذنوب والمعاصي والتقرُّب إلى الله بالصلاة، والدعاء، والأمر بالمعروف، والنَّهي عن المُنكَر. الأُضحية هي من أهم العبادات في هذا الشهر المبارك اقتداءً بالنبيّ -عليه الصلاة والسلام- إذ ثبت أنّ أنس بن مالك -رضي الله عنه- قال: (ضَحَّى النبيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عليه وسلَّمَ بكَبْشينِ أمْلَحَيْنِ أقْرَنَيْنِ، ذَبَحَهُما بيَدِهِ، وسَمَّى وكَبَّرَ، ووَضَعَ رِجْلَهُ علَى صِفَاحِهِمَا). الحرص على أداء صلاة العيد. أداء مختلف الأعمال الصالحة؛ من الصدقات، وقراءة القرآن، وإكرام الضيف، وصِلَة الرَّحِم، وحِفظ اللسان، وبِرّ الوالدين، والدعاء لهما، والحرص على صلاة السُّنَن الرواتب، وإدخال السرور على قلوب الآخرين، وغير ذلك من صالح الأعمال. تقبل الله منا و منكم صالح الأعمال
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